Definitions:

SDG Indicator 10.7.2 aims to describe the state of national migration policies and how such policies change over time. The information collected seeks to identify both progress made and gaps, thus contributing to the evidence base for actionable recommendations for the implementation of SDG target 10.7. The indicator also serves for the future thematic reviews at the High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development (HLPF).

The conceptual framework for indicator 10.7.2 is IOM´s Migration Governance Framework (MiGOF), which was welcomed by 157 countries (IOM Council Resolution C/106/RES/1310). The MiGOF has three principles and three objectives (figure 1).

Figure 1. Principles and objectives of the Migration Governance Framework

The three principles propose the necessary conditions for migration to be well-managed by creating a more effective environment for maximized results for migration to be beneficial to all. These represent the means through which a State can ensure that the systemic requirements for good migration governance are in place.

The three objectives are specific and do not require any further conventions, laws or practices than the ones that are already existing. Taken together, these objectives ensure that migration is governed in an integrated and holistic way, responding to the need to consider mobile categories of people and address their needs for assistance in the event of an emergency, building resilience of individuals and communities, as well as ensuring opportunities for the economic and social health of the State.

In line with the MiGOF, the proposed methodology for SDG indicator 10.7.2 is comprised of six policy domains, with one proxy measure for each domain (table 1).

Table 1. Domains and proxy measures for SDG indicator 10.7.2

	Domain	Proxy measure
1.	Migrant rights	Degree to which migrants have equity in access to services, including health care, education, decent work, social security and welfare benefits
2.	Whole-of-government/ Evidence-based policies	Dedicated institutions, legal frameworks and policies or strategies to govern migration
3.	Cooperation and partnerships	Government measures to foster cooperation and encourage stakeholder inclusion and participation in migration policy
4.	Socioeconomic well-being	Government measures to maximize the positive development impact of migration and the socioeconomic well-being of migrants
5.	Mobility dimensions of crises	Government measures to deliver comprehensive responses to refugees and other forcibly displaced persons
6.	Safe, orderly and regular migration	Government measures to address regular or irregular immigration

For each of the domains and corresponding proxy measures, one question was specified, each one of them informed by five sub-categories or responses (table 2), to capture key aspects of the range of migration policies at the national level, while allowing the indicator to detect relevant variations across countries and over time.

Table 2. Questions and sub-categories for SDG indicator 10.7.2

	Question	Sub-categories
Domain 1:	Does the Government provide non-nationals equal access to the following services, welfare benefits and rights?	a. Essential and/or emergency health care b. Public education c. Equal pay for equal work d. Social protection e. Access to justice
Domain 2:	Does the Government have any of the following institutions, policies or strategies to govern immigration or emigration?	a. A dedicated Government agency to implement national migration policy b. A national policy or strategy for regular migration pathways, including labour migration c. A national policy or strategy to promote the inclusion or integration of immigrants d. Formal mechanisms to ensure that the migration policy is gender responsive e. A mechanism to ensure that migration policy is informed by data, appropriately disaggregated
Domain 3:	Does the Government take any of the following measures to foster cooperation among countries and encourage stakeholder inclusion and participation in migration policy?	a. An interministerial coordination mechanism on migration b. Bilateral agreements on migration, including labour migration c. Regional agreements promoting mobility d. Agreements for cooperation with other countries on return and readmission e. Formal mechanisms to engage civil society and the private sector in the formulation and implementation of migration policy
Domain 4:	Does the Government take any of the following measures to maximize the positive development impact of migration and the socioeconomic well-being of migrants?	a. Align, through periodic assessments, labour migration policies with actual and projected labour market needs b. Facilitate the portability of social security benefits c. Facilitate the recognition of skills and qualifications acquired abroad d. Facilitate or promote the flow of remittances e. Promote fair and ethical recruitment of migrant workers
Domain 5:	Does the Government take any of the following measures to respond to refugees and other persons forcibly displaced across international borders?	a. System for receiving, processing and identifying those forced to flee across international borders b. Contingency planning for displaced populations in terms of basic needs such as food, sanitation, education and medical care c. Specific measures to provide assistance to citizens residing abroad in countries in crisis or post-crisis situations d. A national disaster risk reduction strategy with specific provisions for addressing the displacement impacts of disasters e. Grant permission for temporary stay or temporary protection for those forcibly displaced across international borders and those unable to return
Domain 6:	Does the Government address regular or irregular immigration through any of the following measures?	a. System to monitor visa overstays b. Pre-arrival authorization controls c. Provisions for unaccompanied minors or separated children d. Migration information and awareness-raising campaigns e. Formal strategies to address trafficking in persons and migrant smuggling

Concepts:

SDG target 10.7 is broad in scope and many, but not all, of the terms are well defined. The IOM Glossary on Migration^[1] provides a definition of key concepts such as orderly and regular migration, but not others such as safe and responsible migration. According to the Glossary, orderly migration refers to “the movement of a person from his/her usual place of residence, in keeping with the laws and regulations governing exit of the country of origin and travel, transit and entry into the host country”. Regular is defined as “migration that occurs through recognized, legal channels”.

While the concept of “well-managed migration policies” is not explicitly defined, according to the IOM Glossary, it is included in references to migration management, migration governance and facilitated migration. Migration management refers to the planned approach to the development of policy, and legislative and administrative responses to key migration issues. Migration governance is defined as a system of institutions, legal frameworks, mechanisms and practices aimed at regulating migration and protecting migrants. Facilitated migration refers to fostering or encouraging regular migration, for example through streamlined visa application process.

¹

IOM (2019). Glossary on Migration. Available at: https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/iml_34_glossary.pdf. ↑

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Rætta metadátur: 10.7.2