For the purpose of this indicator, the methodology aims to estimate the amount of food in total waste stream.

For level 1, the global modelling approach estimates a proportion of food in the total waste stream data (e.g., municipal solid waste (MSW)) and applies the proportion to the total. The work on this model utilizes the existing efforts to compile information for SDG 11.6.1 on MSW management and utilizes existing information on global waste, including World Bank publication “What a Waste 2.0, A Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management to 2050”. Some countries publish data on the ratio of food waste to the total MSW. The existing data are used to create a regional coefficient for each SDG sub-region. These regional coefficients then applies to the data for 11.6.1 and “What a Waste” data to fill data gaps.

Note that when a country reports data then no global estimation will be done, the country data will be used directly.

For level 2, countries should identify the scope of which stages of the supply chain can be covered and estimate the total amount of food wasted for each supply chain stream. The amount of food waste within a stage of the food supply chain shall be established by measuring food waste generated by a sample of food business operators or households in accordance with any of the following methods, or a combination of those methods, or any other method equivalent in terms of relevance, representativeness, and reliability.

Table 2: Methods of measurement of food waste at different stages of the food supply chain

Stages of the food supply chain	Methods of measurement
Manufacturing / processing (if included)	Direct measurement (for food-only waste streams)	Waste composition analysis (for waste streams in which food is mixed with non-food)	Volumetric assessment	Mass Balance
Retail and other distribution of food					Counting/ scanning
Food service (out-of-home consumption in restaurants, schools, hospitals, other canteens, etc.)						Diaries (for material going down sewer, home composted or fed to animals
Households

The food waste index is calculated according to the following approach:

${F o o d w a s t e p e r c a p i t a}_{t} = \frac{{T o t a l f o o d w a s t e}_{t}}{{A n n u a l A v e r a g e P o p u l a t i o n}_{t}}$

where:

t = year

Total food waste is the sum of waste in three sectors in a given year as per the formula below:

${T o t a l f o o d w a s t e}_{t} = {F W}_{{H o u s e h o l d s}_{t} } + {F W}_{{F o o d s e r v i c e}_{t}} + {F W}_{{R e t a i l}_{t}}$

The Food Waste Index for the year in question is then calculated as food waste per capita in that year divided by food waste per capita in a baseline year (t₀) multiplied by 100 to express the result as a percentage:

${F o o d W a s t e I n d e x}_{t} = \frac{{F o o d w a s t e p e r c a p i t a}_{t} }{{F o o d w a s t e p e r c a p i t a}_{t_{0}}} \times 100$

In countries where it is not possible to obtain the detailed data necessary to estimate total food waste using the formula above, a simplified approach to calculating food waste per capita may be taken:

${F o o d w a s t e p e r c a p i t a}_{t_{s i m p}} = \frac{{M S W g e n e r a t e d}_{t} \times {S h a r e o f f o o d w a s t e}_{t}}{{A n n u a l A v e r a g e P o p u l a t i o n}_{t}}$

where:

t = year

${M S W g e n e r a t e d}_{t}$ is total municipal solid waste generated in a given year (as calculated for Indicator 11.6.1)

${S h a r e o f f o o d w a s t e}_{t}$ is the proportion of total MSW made up of food waste in the year, which can be estimated from waste composition studies

The food waste index for the year is then calculated using the simplified estimate of food waste per capita in the same formula as above:

${F o o d W a s t e I n d e x}_{t_{s i m p}} = \frac{{F o o d w a s t e p e r c a p i t a}_{t_{s i m p}} }{{F o o d w a s t e p e r c a p i t a}_{{t_{0}}_{s i m p}}} \times 100$

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Rætta uppseting: 12.3.1