The indicator is calculated as the number of survey respondents who have been victim of (a) physical, (b) psychological, and(c) sexual violence in the previous 12 months, divided by the total number of survey respondents.

Three separate indicators should be computed, one for each type of violence.

The indicators refer to the individual (“direct”) experience of the respondent, who should be randomly selected among eligible household members. Experiences of violence by other members of the household should not be included in the computation.

The internationally standardized and tested SDG 16 Survey questionnaire and the accompanying Implementation Manual, which can be used by countries for collecting data SDG indicator 16.1.3, provide a core set of questions about specific behaviours that allow for the measurement of the prevalence of physical, sexual and psychological violence in the population. The Latin America and the Caribbean Crime Victimization Survey Initiative (LACSI) also offers a standardised methodology to measure violence.

While the precise formulation and wording of the pertinent survey questions may need national customization, a core set of behaviours have been identified as indicative of physical, psychological and sexual violence exercised towards a person.

Questions on physical, psychological and sexual violence are to be measured separately. Both numerator and denominator are measured through sample surveys of the general population.

The computation of this indicator requires the inclusion of a short module^[4] in a representative population survey, which elicits whether the respondent has, in the past 12 months, personally experienced any of the following acts or behaviours indicative of physical, psychological and sexual violence (see Table 1):

Table 1: Types of acts or behaviours indicative of physical, psychological and sexual violence.

Physical violence^[5]
A.	THREATEN TO HURT PHYSICALLY WITH A WEAPON (stick, knife, firearm, etc.)
B.	THREATEN TO HURT PHYSICALLY WITHOUT A WEAPON, but in a really frightening way
C.	PUSH, SHOVE or SHAKE
D.	SLAP or PUNCH
E.	THROW A HARD OBJECT
F.	GRAB, PULL HAIR or DRAG
G.	BEAT WITH FIST OR A HARD OBJECT, OR KICK
H.	BURN
I.	Try to SUFFOCATE or STRANGLE
J.	CUT OR STAB
K.	SHOOT at
L.	BEAT HEAD AGAINST SOMETHING
X.	SOMETHING ELSE TO PHYSICALLY HURT, NOT COUNTING A SEXUAL ATTACK
Psychological violence^[6]
A.	HURT, THREATEN TO HURT, OR THREATEN TO TAKE AWAY CHILDREN
B.	LIMIT CHOICES ABOUT FAMILY PLANNING, for example, by forbidding use of contraception or misleading about own use of contraception
C.	EXPECT TO BE ASKED PERMISSION TO SEE A DOCTOR
D.	TRY TO PREVENT TALKING TO OTHER MEN/WOMEN out of jealousy, OR INSIST ON KNOWING WHEREABOUTS at all times
E.	CONTROL WHAT CLOTHES ALLOWED TO WEAR AND TELL HOW TO DRESS
F.	SCARE OR INTIMIDATE ON PURPOSE, for example, by yelling and smashing things, using threatening expressions/words.
G.	DAMAGE OR DESTROY POSSESSIONS OR PROPERTY, including pets, to scare or hurt
H.	HARM, OR THREATEN TO HARM, SOMEONE CLOSE (apart from the cases already discussed)
I.	RESTRICT FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT, for example, by locking up or taking away I.D. or passport
J.	Try to LIMIT CONTACT WITH FAMILY OR FRIENDS or restrict use of social media sites such as Facebook, Instagram or Twitter
Sexual violence
A.	FORCED SEXUAL INTERCOURSE by threatening, holding down or hurting in some way. Sexual intercourse means vaginal or anal penetration, including with objects, or oral sex.
B.	ATTEMPT to FORCE SEXUAL INTERCOURSE by threatening, holding down or hurting in some way, but intercourse DOES NOT OCCUR.
C.	FORCED SEXUAL INTERCOURSE when UNABLE TO REFUSE owing to the influence of alcohol or drugs
D.	FORCED or attempted to FORCE or THREATEN or BLACKMAIL TO HAVE SEXUAL INTERCOURSE WITH SOMEONE, including forced to have sex in exchange for money, goods or favours.
E.	Unwanted sexual intercourse BECAUSE AFRAID OF WHAT MIGHT HAPPEN IF REFUSED
F.	STRIP, TOUCH INTIMATE PARTS – GENITALS OR BREASTS –OR KISSED when not wanted.
G.	Do something or forced to do something else of sexual nature that is perceived as DEGRADING OR HUMILIATING.
H.	THREATEN WITH VIOLENT SEXUAL ACTS, SUCH AS RAPE (OR FORCED PREGNANCY) in a really frightening way

Based on the responses about experiences of different types of violent acts or behaviours listed in Table 1, the following indicators can be computed:

Indicator 16.1.3a: Proportion of population subjected to physical violence in the previous 12 months.

This indicator in computed by taking the number of respondents who experienced at least one form of physical violence in the past 12 months and dividing by the total number of respondents. The result needs to be multiplied by 100.

$I n d i c a t o r 16.1.3 a = \frac{N u m b e r o f r e s p o n d e n t s w h o e x p e r i e n c e d a t l e a s t o n e f o r m o f p h y s i c a l v i o l e n c e i n t h e p a s t 12 m o n t h s}{T o t a l n u m b e r o f s u r v e y r e s p o n d e n t s} X 100$

Indicator 16.1.3b: Proportion of population subjected to psychological violence in the previous 12 months.

This indicator in computed by taking the number of respondents who experienced at least one form of psychological violence in the past 12 months and dividing by the total number of respondents. The result needs to be multiplied by 100.

$I n d i c a t o r 16.1.3 b = \frac{N u m b e r o f r e s p o n d e n t s w h o e x p e r i e n c e d a t l e a s t o n e f o r m o f p s y c h o l o g i c a l v i o l e n c e i n t h e p a s t 12 m o n t h s}{T o t a l n u m b e r o f s u r v e y r e s p o n d e n t s} X 100$

Indicator 16.1.3c: Proportion of population subjected to sexual violence in the previous 12 months.

This indicator in computed by taking the number of respondents who experienced at least one form of sexual violence in the past 12 months and dividing by the total number of respondents. The result needs to be multiplied by 100.

$I n d i c a t o r 16.1.3 c = \frac{N u m b e r o f r e s p o n d e n t s w h o e x p e r i e n c e d a t l e a s t o n e f o r m o f s e x u a l v i o l e n c e i n t h e p a s t 12 m o n t h s}{T o t a l n u m b e r o f s u r v e y r e s p o n d e n t s} X 100$

⁴

See SDG 16 Survey Questionnaire (available in English, Arabic, Spanish, French, and Chinese): https://www.sdg16hub.org/topic/sdg-16-survey-initiative-questionnaire ↑

⁵

In cases where survey data on physical violence are not available, survey data on robbery can be used as a suitable proxy measure. For suitable survey questions to measure experiences of robbery, please refer to Items C2.5a/b in the LACSI Initiative Core Questionnaire, available at: https://www.cdeunodc.inegi.org.mx/index.php/questionnaire/ ↑

⁶

Please note that the provided list of acts indicative of psychological violence is not exhaustive. ↑

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Rætta uppseting: 16.1.3